Lenni Lenape Park, our newest facility, is now open to the public. During this time, the Lenape bands were living in numerous villages around their main village of Coshocton,[72] between the western frontier strongholds of the British and the Patriots. The Wampum belt gifted to Penn by Tammany is today kept at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. What was curious to me was his unusual bond with the Lenni Lenape Native American . it might be about there children or about something they have about them we know not what, Again it may be the white Man may do something either upon Land, Timber or something else which some one of the proprietors would not like & from thence would come great deal of Disquietness, & many other ways which may plainly be seen into, by those that have any sense or reason. The Lenape were comprised of three clans: Wolf, which occupied land around the northern portion of the Delaware River to the confluence of the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers; Turtle, which occupied land south of the confluence down to Philadelphia; and Turkey, which occupied land south of Philadelphia to the Delaware Bay. Please email Ann at ann@wyopublib.org or call the library at 610-374-2385. The Treaty of Penn with the Indians by Benjamin West, located at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. The Lenape were the first Indian tribe to enter into a treaty with the new United States government, with the Treaty of Fort Pitt signed in 1778 during the American Revolutionary War. From the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Alluding to Penns Quaker ideologies, the painting depicts three key factions of the state of Pennsylvanias early identity Native Americans, Quakers, and merchants. His heirs, John and Thomas Penn, and their agents were running the colony, and had abandoned many of the elder Penn's practices. Tribal groups of Lenape descendents in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. [86][87][88] Occasionally, they played surprising roles as Indian allies. De Valinger, Leon, Jr. and C.A. Another activity common was that of dance, and yet again, gender differences appear: men would dance and leap loudly, often with bear claw accessories, while women, wearing little thimbles or bells, would dance more modestly, stepping "one foot after the other slightly forwards then backwards, yet so as to advance gradually. As in the case of the Iroquois and Susquehannocks, the animosity of differences and competitions spanned many generations, and in general tribes with each of the different language groups became traditional enemies in the areas they'd meet. The Lenape (English: /lnpi/, /lnpi/, or Lenape IPA:[lnpe],[7][8] Delaware: Lnapeyok[9]) also called the Leni Lenape,[10] Lenni Lenape and Delaware people,[11] are an indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. "[76][77] However, the tribe later agreed to relocate to New Stockbridge to join the Oneidas. Over a period of 176 years, European settlers pushed the Lenape out of the East Coast, through to Ohio and eventually further west. A splinter group of the Haudwnosaunee's ancestors, the Erie, inhabitanted the area until . They served as army guides and scouts in events such as the Second Seminole War, Frmont's expeditions, and the conquest of California during the MexicanAmerican War. I see that the word of my city is that word from of old, Rich, hemmd thick all around with sailships and steamships, an island sixteen miles long, solid-founded., Penn traded guns, tobacco, clothing, pipes, and many more items for the land that would become part of Pennsylvania. A Few Highlights In the History of the Interrelated Nanticoke and Lenape Tribal Communities . They engaged in the trade of land, guns, and beads for beaver pelts. In contrast, the Dutch were eager to establish business in the New World. [4] Their historical territory included present-day northeastern Delaware, New Jersey, the Lehigh Valley and other regions of eastern Pennsylvania, New York City, western Long Island, and the lower Hudson Valley. Within one generation, Penn's own sons cheated the Lenni-Lenape out of thousands of miles of land, but the legend continued to grow, popularized by paintings such as Benjamin West's William Penn's Treaty with the Indians. Families were matrilocal; newlywed couples would live with the bride's family, where her mother and sisters could also assist her with her growing family. The Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation are native families from southern NJ and the Delmarva Peninsula who remained in our ancestral homeland . [11] Early European chroniclers did not understand this concept. of Southern New Jersey and the Delmarva. [11] Iroquoians adopting Lenape (or other peoples) were known to be part of their religious beliefs, the adopted one taking the place in the clan of one killed in warfare. [citation needed] The Moravians accompanied Lenape relocations to Ohio and Canada, continuing their missionary work. The Lenni-Lenape (or simply "Lenape") are the ancient root of many other American Indian nations. Those Lenape sympathetic to the United States remained at Coshocton, and Lenape leaders signed the Treaty of Fort Pitt (1778) with the American colonists. This event was memorialized in an oil painting by Benjamin West titled The Treaty of Penn with the Indians. The restoration of tribal recognition by the state of New Jersey was not reinstated until November 2018. Tammany and Penn reportedly maintained good relations, feasting together, visiting one anothers homes, and trading goods. They were a people with a strong sense of tradition ( Lenape Wedding) and a well organized life-style. Clan Symbols: These represent the three clans of the Lenape: Turtle, Wolf and Turkey. "[28], A number of linear measures were used. Penn gained a reputation for benevolence and tolerance, but his efforts resulted in more effective colonization of the ancestral Lenape homeland than previous ones.[61]. The Moravian Lenape who settled permanently in Ontario after the American Revolutionary War were sometimes referred to as "Christian Munsee", as they mostly spoke the Munsee branch of the Lenape language. Jack-in-the-Pulpit Food-gathering, like food-growing, was always timed to the seasons. Renaissance at Rand Middle School held a land acknowledgment ceremony Oct. 7 to recognize that the school resides on what was once the land of the Lenni Lenape tribal nation. "Delaware Indians" and "Delaware people" redirect here. In 1845, the Republic of Texas agreed to annexation by the US to become an American state. The expansion of European colonialism made the people left their homeland. The Native Americans known as the Delaware call themselves the Lenape (meaning "real people"). With the fur sources exhausted, the Dutch shifted their operations to present-day upstate New York. Leading up to the event, Renaissance teachers Anthony Colon and Rodney Jackson met with Reverend Dr. John R. Norwood, a member of the Nanticoke Lenni Lenape tribal nation . They included the Mohicans, Delawares, Shawnees, and several other tribes Military Dictionary and Gazetteer (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: lenni-lenape See Delawares. The missionaries pressured Indigenous people to abandon their traditional customs, beliefs, and ways of life, and to replace them with European and Christian ways. Fire Drill: The Fire Drill next to the Mesingw face is used to build ceremonial fires. Nanticoke Lenni-LenapeTribal Prayer Circle Ministry. In 2004, the Delaware Nation filed suit against Pennsylvania in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, seeking to reclaim 315 acres (1.27km2) included in the 1737 Walking Purchase to build a casino. [52] The Lenape would petition for grievances on the basis that not all their families had been recognized in the transaction (not that they wanted to "share" the land). [71], During the French and Indian War, Killbuck had assisted the British against the French and their Indian allies. Clan Symbols: These represent the three clans of the Lenape: Turtle, Wolf and Turkey. The Unami and Munsee languages belong to the Eastern Algonquian language group and are largely mutually intelligible. Lenape Language and the Delaware Indian Tribe (Unami, Lenni Lenape) in Delaware. They believed that by their proclamation of 1763, restricting Anglo-American settlement to east of the Appalachian Mountains, that the British would help them preserve a Native American territory. The name Lenni-Lenape, or simply Lenape, means "original people" in the tribe's Algonquian language. Early European observers may have misinterpreted matrilineal Lenape cultural practices. Many modern-day historians suspect that the Lenape intended the sale to be for the purposes of sharing the island rather than excluding themselves from it. Usually 8 to 10 feet tall, wigwams were not portable, but were comfortable and easy to build. At the war's beginning, Killbuck and many Lenape claimed to be neutral. Sagundai volunteered to carry the message through some 2,200 kilometres of hostile territory. A court dispute followed over whether the sale included rights for the Lenape as citizens within the Cherokee Nation. Many Lenape continue to live in the Northeast. Lenni Lenape/Lenape. This gave them access to firearms and made them militarily powerful. At the time of sustained European contact in the 1600s and 1700s, the Lenape were a powerful Native American nation who inhabited a region on the mid-Atlantic coast spanning the latitudes of southern Massachusetts to the southern extent of Delaware in what anthropologists call the Northeastern Woodlands. Explanation of the symbols on the Delaware Tribal Seal Lenni Lenape: Our Indian Name. The Lenape had this decision overturned in 1996, when they were recognized by the federal government as a separate tribal nation. upsprang the aboriginal name. The painting was commissioned by Thomas Penn, son of William Penn. During the early 1770s, missionaries, including David Zeisberger and John Heckewelder, arrived in the Ohio Country near the Lenape villages. The Kings Highway Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. [44] These gender-split rules highlight how a woman's role in Lenape society was harmonious to a man's role, rather than acquiescent. According to inclusive.princeton.edu, in 2018 the Princeton Histories Working Group recommended that Princeton recognize the historical links between the University and the Lenni-Lenape people. Their lands also extended west from western Long Island and New York Bay, across the Lower Hudson Valley in New York into the lower Catskills and a sliver of the upper edge of the North Branch Susquehanna River. Frantz, Donald G. and Norma Jean Russell. Their Diet is Maze, or Indian Corn, divers ways prepared: sometimes roasted in the Ashes, sometimes beaten and Boyled with Water, which they call Homine; they also make Cakes, not unpleasant to eat: They have likewise several sorts of Beans and Pease that are good Nourishment; and the Woods and Rivers are their Larder.. The Meesink Story The Masked Being Msiingw and the Big House: Lenape Delaware myths about Mesingw. Today, most who continue to speak the language are tribal elders, although some young Lenape youth and adults learn their language. e First Known Use circa 1782, in the meaning defined above Time Traveler The first known use of Lenni-Lenape was circa 1782 See more words from the same year Over a period of 250 years, many Lenape people were removed and dispersed throughout the country. About Tamanend, Chief of the Lenape. His new colony effectively displaced many Lenape and forced others to adapt to new cultural demands. The Lenni-Lenape are historically part of the Algonquian language family, as are most of the indigenous peoples along the Atlantic coast. Discuss these lenni-lenape pronunciations with the community: Notify me of new comments via email. They are also often called the Lenni Lenape. Killbuck resented his grandfather for allowing the Moravians to remain in the Ohio country. Interestingly, in 1756, The College of New Jersey relocated from Newark to Princeton and erected Nassau Hall on land owned by the Lenape people. English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of the Province of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, whose title was ultimately derived from French. In 1758, the New Jersey assembly established a new home for the Lenni-Lenape people in Burlington County. What little is known of these early encounters between the Swedes and the Lenape is that both groups were independent, rugged individualists who practiced similar agricultural methods, rotating productive fields of crops along the banks of the Delaware River, according to paheritage.wpengine.com. Called the "Delaware Indians" by the British, our Lenape ancestors were the ancient diplomats who were called to settle disputes between tribes. After many years of planning and with the help of local and state funding, we are pleased to present this area to our community. [65], In 1757, the "New Jersey Association for Helping the Indians" wrote a constitution to expel native Munsee Lenape from their home in the Washington Valley of Morris County, New Jersey. As noted on nlltribe.com, tribal members hope that the new legal acknowledgement will help to foster an attitude of mutual respect between the state and existing Lenape tribe members. For the remainder of his life, Shaw worked as a military scout in West Texas. While the dispute was unsettled, the Curtis Act of 1898 dissolved tribal governments and ordered the allotment of communal tribal lands to individual households of members of tribes. They also defined other things, such as which set number of the twelve Mantuwk (Spirits) assisted you on your path in life. Black Beaver. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, The Brotherton Indians agreement to oppose white settlement, January 6, 1780. Modern-day Lenni-Lenape are scattered across the United States, including Oklahoma, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. The passage between Lower Manhattan and Upper Manhattan was a major trade route and cultural hub for the Lenape people. Their flag carries many symbols that reflect their culture. Surrounding these central images, placed at the four points of the compass, are symbols relevant to the Lenni Lenape. The Lenape have a matrilineal clan system and historically were matrilocal. ", Russell, Emily W.B. (, . Hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line,[11] and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. These skirts were so elaborately appointed that, when seen from a distance, they reminded Dutch settlers of fine European lace. The Moravians' insistence on Christian Lenapes' abandoning traditional warfare practices alienated mission populations from other Lenape and Native American groups, who revered warriors. [citation needed], Other Indian communities, particularly the Wyandot, the Mingo, the Shawnee, and the Wolf Clan of the Lenape, favored the British. According to historian Steven Harper, what followed was a "convoluted sequence of deception, fraud, and extortion orchestrated by the Pennsylvania government that is commonly known as the Walking Purchase. Prayer Sticks: These are around the outer edge of the seal and represent the twelve prayer sticks that were used in the Big House Church. lukask1207. A peace treaty was negotiated between the newly arriving colonists and Lenape at what is now known as Penn Treaty Park. Unfortunately, they did not survive long after the arrival of the Europeans. Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1895. Test. In response, American military officer Daniel Brodhead led an expedition out of Fort Pitt and on 19 April 1781, and destroyed Coshocton. The Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation is headquartered in Bridgeton, Cumberland County in Southern New Jersey. Learn. Page lv of the introduction by Frank McNitt, Category:Native American tribes in Delaware, Learn how and when to remove this template message, indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, Western theater of the American Revolutionary War, Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga, Thornbury Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View - Delaware Indian; Lenape", "Ways of Talking (and Acting) About Language Reclamation: An Ethnographic Perspective on Learning Lenape in Pennsylvania", "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Search Results of "wolf clan" English to Lenape", "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View alternate name or group in the Tkwsit (Wolf) clan (Lit. Johnson had become wealthy as a trader and acquired thousands of acres of land in the Mohawk River Valley from the Iroquois Mohawk of New York.[62]. The name Nanticoke references the Nanticoke River on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Lenni Lenape Word List 334996.indd 994996.indd 99 99/29/2015 6:13:16 PM/29/2015 6:13:16 PM. Contemporary notable Lenape people are listed in the articles for the appropriate tribe. [11][a] Ethnicity seems to have mattered little to the Lenape and many other "tribes". Lenape myths about the creation of the world and the Great Flood. . The logo recently was the subject of an article in the City Lab news site, headlined "The Casual Racism of a Philadelphia Neighborhood's Manhole Covers.". When Sagundai returned to his own people in present-day Kansas, they celebrated his exploits with the last war and scalp dances of their history, which were held at Edwardsville, Kansas. Far from an equitable deal, the state of Lenni-Lenape health and society quickly declined on the reservation. (For etymology of the surname, see Earl De La WarrEtymology.) While Whitman paid literary homage to the original inhabitants of Manhattan, the actual transaction that took place between the Dutch and Lenape in 1626 was less equitable. The Lenape trace their lineage to the Nanticoke or Tidewater People who resisted British colonial intrusion to the best of their abilities. More than a dozen organizations in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,[105] Virginia, and elsewhere claim descent from Lenape people and are unrecognized tribes. [78][79] A few Lenape households stayed behind to assimilate in New Jersey.[80]. [99], The court held that the justness of the extinguishment of aboriginal title is nonjusticiable, including in the case of fraud. What are the 3 clans of the Lenape? [clarification needed] This means that a male from the Turkey Clan was expected to marry a female from either the Turtle or Wolf clans. [citation needed], The Cherokee Nation filed suit to overturn the independent federal recognition of the Lenape. During the event, they invite the public to sign the Treaty of Renewed Friendship, whose signees agree to recognize the Lenape as the Indigenous inhabitants of the Lenapehoking and act as good stewards of the environment.[108]. [99][106], An unrecognized group in Pennsylvania that calls itself the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania maintains a cultural center in Easton, Pennsylvania where they display historical and educational materials, and crafts made by group members. 1608: The Nanticoke encounter Captain John Smith and his men during Smith's exploration of the Nanticoke River. [78], By the Treaty of St. Mary's, signed October 3, 1818, in St. Mary's, Ohio, the Lenape ceded their lands in Indiana for lands west of the Mississippi and an annuity of $4,000. The Lenape became a divided people during the 1770s, including in Killbuck's family. The initial Lenape response was negative; in 1798, Lenape community leaders Bartholomew Calvin, Jason Skekit, and 18 others signed a public statement of refusal to leave "our fine place in Jersey. portions of Western Connecticut up to the latitude of the Massachusetts corner of today's boundariesmaking the eastern bounds of their influence, thence their region extended: Acrelius, Israel. After the end of the war, however, Anglo-American settlers continued to attack the Lenape, often to such an extent that the historian Amy Schutt writes the dead since the wars outnumbered those killed during the war. The Lenape continued their peaceful policy with the Americans and served as interpreters, scouts, and diplomats for the US Army and the Indian Bureau. The British made plans to attack Fort Laurens in early 1779 and demanded that the neutral Lenape formally side with the British. Pastor John Norwood, a former Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape tribal councilperson from South Jersey, said the image is not historically accurate. Alternately, lnu may be translated as "man".[14]. The Lenape call themselves the Lenni Lenape, which means "original people." There are three divisions of the tribe. This act represented the first time that the Lenape were forced out of their lands at the hands of European immigrants. Wigwam is the word for house in the Abenaki tribe. The Lenape, when first encountered by Europeans, were a loose association of related peoples who spoke similar languages and shared familial bonds in an area known as Lenapehoking,[1] the Lenape traditional territory, which spanned what is now eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Lower New York, and eastern Delaware. [53] After the Dutch arrival in the 1620s, the Lenape were successful in restricting Dutch settlement until the 1660s to Pavonia in present-day Jersey City along the Hudson. Colonel Brodhead convinced the militia to leave the Lenape at the Moravian mission villages unmolested, since they were unarmed non-combatants. While clan mothers controlled the land, the houses, and the families, the clan fathers provided the meat, cleared the fields, built the houses, and protected the clan. The longhouses could home several hundred people, but in the summer, the tribes adopted more nomadic practices with the aim of hunting and gathering flora and fauna. All of these added complexities in kinship terms made agreements with Europeans all the more difficult. This includes only Lenape documented in history. English settlers named them the Delaware because they lived in villages along the Delaware River. De Lenni Lenape-Indianen (vaak ook Delaware-Indianen genoemd) bewoonden het gebied dat nu New Jersey heet, toen de eerste blanke kolonisten uit Holland zich hier vestigden. Throughout time, the snake has been the Lenni-Lenape symbol for the enemy. From California, Fremont needed to communicate with Senator Benton. This group is called "The Three Sisters", and was a very popular combination across the Americas (and particularly in the North . Name/Location. According to Dutch settler Isaac de Rasieres, who observed the Lenape in 1628, the Lenape's primary crop was maize, which they planted in March. The grandfathers or ancient ones as the Lenni-Lenape people are known, were the historic inhabitants of large swaths of the Northeastern United States. Travel distance was measured in the distance one could comfortably travel from sun-up to sun-down. Modern scientific scholarship has shown that in fact two linguistic groups representing two distinct Algonquian cultural identities lived on the island, not "13 individual tribes" as asserted by Wood. Kings Highway served as a main thoroughfare for people traveling from Lawrenceville to Kingston in Franklin Township/South Brunswick. Penn instructed his fellow English colonists: "If one asks them for anything they have not, they will answer, matt ne hatt, which to translate is, 'not I have,' instead of 'I have not'. West was born in modern-day Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, and went on to study fine arts in London. Year-round, the foragers always women knew where to find nutritious tubers. Match. As the Lenape were not considered United States citizens, they had no access to the courts and no way to enforce their property rights. Lenape communities were often identified by the . They primarily hunted and fished during the rest of the year: from September to January and from June to July, they mainly hunted deer, but from the month of January to the spring planting in May, they hunted anything from bears and beavers to raccoons and foxes. By then living mostly in the Ohio Country,[citation needed] the Lenape supplied the Continental Army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and security. But, such leaders as Teedyuscung in the east and Tamaqua in the vicinity of modern Pittsburgh shifted to building alliances with the British colonial authorities. [68] Reverend John Brainerd abandoned the reservation in 1777. Facts about Lenni Lenape 3: pushing Lenni Lenape. Tammany was considered by his people to be a great Lenape leader. A powerful and influential tribe, early Dutch settlers sought to establish amicable relations with the Lenape through trade of tools, sugar, firearms, animal pelts, and fabric. It depicts a Dutch man and Native American standing together. Some Lenape polities eventually retaliated by attacking Pennsylvania settlements. One Lenape creation legend describes the earth as covered with water. Houston also tried to get the Lenape land claims recognized, but his efforts were met only by opposition. The Lenape had lost their protectors and found themselves without solid allies in the conflict, which compounded their dispossession at the hand of encroaching American pioneers during and after the war. They are descendants of those Lenape of Ohio Country who sided with the British during the Revolutionary War. These lands, in what is now Kansas, were west of the Missouri and north of the Kansas River. 7 The women were of medium stature. William Penn arrived in his new colony of Pennsylvania in 1682. At the east is a turkey claw . This settlement would become known as the first Indian Reservation. The new community was overseen by the Reverend John Brainerd, a devout missionary who named the community Brotherton. Brainerd introduced the use of grist mills and sawmills, and the area eventually took on the name of Indian Mills. His land holdings represented a grant from Charles II of England. The plaque reads, According to legend, on this site of the principal Manhattan Indian village, Peter Minuit in 1626 purchased Manhattan island for trinkets and beads then worth about 60 guilders.. Lenni-Lenape. In his poem Mannahatta, fabled New York resident Walt Whitman writes: I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city, The Lenape found uses in trees like black walnut which were used to cure ringworm and with persimmons which were used to cure ear problems. "[62] In the end, all Lenape who still lived on the Delaware were driven off the remnants of their homeland under threats of violence. New York was inhabited by various tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian speaking Native American tribes at the time Dutch settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. The British asked Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, to lead the investigation. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30, Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. In a 2020. The Red Record begins with the Lenni-Lenape story of the Creation - with Adam and Eve and the Snake of Eden - each with a Native name. The Lenape were reluctant to negotiate for yet another relocation, but they feared serious trouble with white settlers, and conflict developed. But colonial administrators had prepared the draft that resurfaced in the 1730s. As cited in, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 15:26. The American colonists had Fort Pitt (present-day Pittsburgh) and the British, along with Indian allies, controlled the area of Fort Detroit (in present-day Michigan). In 1780, Munsee-speaking Lenape community leaders native to the Washington Valley that had been forcibly displaced to Brotherton, wrote a community treaty[73][74][75] to oppose selling any more land to white settlers:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. In the eighteenth century, Lenni-Lenape women had rights and decision-making power in their communities that English women were denied. The Lenape's quick adoption of trade goods, and their desire to trap furs to meet high European demand, resulted in their disastrous over-harvesting of the beaver population in the lower Hudson Valley. Rainbow Crow, a Lenape Legend Mnka'has: Lenni Lenape myths about the origin of fire. [90], By the terms of the "Treaty of the James Fork" that was signed on September 24, 1829, and ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1830, the Lenape were forced to move further west. In 1848, John Conner (Lenape) guided the Chihuahua-El Paso Expedition and was granted a league of land by a special act of the Texas legislature in 1853. [notes 1] Today, Lenape people belong to the Delaware Nation and Delaware Tribe of Indians in Oklahoma; the StockbridgeMunsee Community in Wisconsin; and the Munsee-Delaware Nation, Moravian of the Thames First Nation, and Delaware of Six Nations in Ontario. Over a hundred players were grouped into gendered teams (male and female), and would attempt to get a ball through the other team's goal post. [28] If the ball was picked up by a woman, she could not be tackled by the men, although men could attempt to dislodge the ball. William Penn, who first met the Lenape in 1682, stated that the Unami used the following words: "mother" was anna, "brother" was isseemus, "friend" was netap. The Lenni-Lanape are the original inhabitants of present-day New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware; they are also known as the Delaware Indians. Tending to the cultivation and harvesting of crops was a significant component of daily Lenape life. The Iroquois added the Lenape to the Covenant Chain in 1676; the Lenape were tributary to the Five Nations (later Six) until 1753, shortly before the outbreak of the French and Indian War (a part of the Seven Years' War in Europe).